水泥撒布車作為道路基層施工的關鍵設備，能將水泥均勻撒布在土基或砂石層上，其水泥用量的精準控制直接影響基層的強度與穩(wěn)定性。過量撒布會增加施工成本且可能導致基層開裂，用量不足則無法滿足強度要求，因此設備通過多重系統(tǒng)協(xié)同作用，實現(xiàn)水泥用量的精準調控，適應不同施工厚度與材料配比需求。

　　As a key equipment for road base construction, cement spreader can evenly spread cement on soil or sand layers. The precise control of its cement dosage directly affects the strength and stability of the base. Excessive spreading can increase construction costs and may lead to cracking of the base layer, while insufficient amount cannot meet the strength requirements. Therefore, the equipment achieves precise control of cement dosage through the synergy of multiple systems, adapting to different construction thicknesses and material mix requirements.

　　計量系統(tǒng)是控制水泥用量的基礎，通過精準測量水泥的輸送量，為后續(xù)調控提供數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)。容積式計量裝置是常見的計量方式，其核心是螺旋輸送機，輸送機的螺距和轉速固定時，單位時間內輸送的水泥體積恒定，通過計算輸送機工作時間可得出總輸送量，這種方式結構簡單，成本較低，適合對精度要求不高的基層施工。重量式計量裝置則通過安裝在料斗下方的稱重傳感器實現(xiàn)精準計量，傳感器能實時檢測水泥的重量變化，將重量信號轉化為電信號傳輸至控制系統(tǒng)，計量誤差可控制在 ±1% 以內，適合高等級公路施工，確保水泥用量符合設計配比。部分先進的水泥撒布車還會采用容積與重量復合計量方式，通過雙重校驗減少單一計量方式的誤差，在螺旋輸送機輸送水泥的同時，稱重傳感器同步監(jiān)測重量變化，當兩者數(shù)據(jù)偏差超過設定值時，系統(tǒng)自動發(fā)出預警，提醒操作人員檢查設備狀態(tài)。

　　The measuring system is the foundation for controlling the amount of cement used, providing data basis for subsequent regulation by accurately measuring the amount of cement transported. Volumetric measuring device is a common measuring method, and its core is a screw conveyor. When the pitch and speed of the conveyor are fixed, the volume of cement conveyed per unit time is constant. By calculating the working time of the conveyor, the total conveying volume can be obtained. This method has a simple structure, low cost, and is suitable for grassroots construction with low precision requirements. The weight based measuring device achieves precise measurement through a weighing sensor installed below the hopper. The sensor can detect the weight changes of cement in real time, convert the weight signal into an electrical signal, and transmit it to the control system. The measurement error can be controlled within ± 1%, which is suitable for high-grade highway construction and ensures that the cement dosage meets the design ratio. Some advanced cement spreading vehicles also adopt a composite measurement method of volume and weight, which reduces the error of a single measurement method through double verification. While the screw conveyor transports cement, the weighing sensor synchronously monitors the weight change. When the deviation between the two data exceeds the set value, the system automatically issues a warning to remind the operator to check the equipment status.

　　控制系統(tǒng)是水泥用量調控的核心，通過接收計量信號并調節(jié)執(zhí)行部件，實現(xiàn)用量的動態(tài)平衡。操作控制臺配備液晶顯示屏和控制手柄，顯示屏實時顯示當前撒布寬度、車輛行駛速度、水泥單位面積用量等參數(shù)，操作人員可根據(jù)施工設計要求（如每平方米撒布 3-5 公斤水泥），在控制臺上設定目標用量。速度傳感器與車輛行駛系統(tǒng)聯(lián)動，當車輛行駛速度變化時（如加速或減速），控制系統(tǒng)會自動調節(jié)水泥輸送裝置的轉速 —— 速度加快時，提高螺旋輸送機或刮板輸送機的轉速，增加單位時間水泥輸送量；速度減慢時，則降低輸送裝置轉速，減少輸送量，確保單位面積水泥用量保持穩(wěn)定。這種速度與輸送量的聯(lián)動控制，能有效避免因車輛行駛不均勻導致的水泥撒布忽多忽少，尤其在彎道或坡道施工時，保障撒布均勻性。

　　The control system is the core of cement dosage regulation, which achieves dynamic balance of dosage by receiving measurement signals and adjusting execution components. The control console is equipped with a LCD screen and a control handle. The screen displays real-time parameters such as the current spreading width, vehicle speed, and cement unit area usage. Operators can set the target usage on the console according to construction design requirements (such as spreading 3-5 kilograms of cement per square meter). The speed sensor is linked to the vehicle's driving system. When the vehicle's driving speed changes (such as acceleration or deceleration), the control system will automatically adjust the speed of the cement conveying device. When the speed increases, the speed of the screw conveyor or scraper conveyor will be increased to increase the cement conveying volume per unit time; When the speed slows down, reduce the speed of the conveying device, decrease the conveying volume, and ensure that the cement consumption per unit area remains stable. This linkage control between speed and conveying capacity can effectively avoid the uneven distribution of cement caused by uneven vehicle travel, especially during construction on curves or slopes, ensuring uniform distribution.

　　執(zhí)行機構根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)的指令調整水泥輸送量，是用量控制的終端環(huán)節(jié)。螺旋輸送機構通過改變電機轉速調節(jié)輸送量，電機采用變頻調速技術，轉速可在 0-1500 轉 / 分鐘范圍內連續(xù)調節(jié)，轉速越高，單位時間輸送的水泥量越多，反之則越少，變頻調速響應迅速，能在 0.5 秒內完成轉速調整，適應車輛行駛速度的快速變化。刮板輸送機構則通過調節(jié)刮板的運行速度或刮板間距控制用量，刮板速度由液壓馬達驅動，通過改變液壓油流量調節(jié)馬達轉速，進而改變刮板輸送頻率，適合大粒徑水泥或含少量結塊的水泥輸送。料斗門開度調節(jié)是輔助控制手段，料斗門位于料斗底部，通過液壓油缸調節(jié)開度大小，開度越大，水泥下落速度越快，開度越小則下落速度越慢，通常與輸送機構配合使用 —— 當需要大幅調整用量時，先調節(jié)料斗門開度設定大致范圍，再通過輸送機構轉速進行精細調節(jié)，提高控制效率。

　　The executing agency adjusts the cement conveying volume according to the instructions of the control system, which is the terminal link of quantity control. The spiral conveying mechanism adjusts the conveying amount by changing the motor speed. The motor adopts variable frequency speed regulation technology, and the speed can be continuously adjusted within the range of 0-1500 revolutions per minute. The higher the speed, the more cement is conveyed per unit time, and the lower it is. Variable frequency speed regulation responds quickly and can complete speed adjustment within 0.5 seconds, adapting to the rapid changes in vehicle speed. The scraper conveying mechanism controls the quantity by adjusting the running speed or spacing of the scraper. The scraper speed is driven by a hydraulic motor, and the motor speed is adjusted by changing the hydraulic oil flow rate, thereby changing the scraper conveying frequency. It is suitable for conveying large particle size cement or cement containing a small amount of clumps. The adjustment of the opening of the hopper door is an auxiliary control method. The hopper door is located at the bottom of the hopper, and the opening size is adjusted by a hydraulic cylinder. The larger the opening, the faster the cement falls, and the smaller the opening, the slower the falling speed. It is usually used in conjunction with a conveying mechanism - when a large adjustment of the usage is needed, the opening of the hopper door is first adjusted to set a rough range, and then the speed of the conveying mechanism is finely adjusted to improve control efficiency.

　　撒布寬度調節(jié)是控制單位面積用量的重要補充，通過改變撒布覆蓋范圍適應不同施工場景。水泥撒布車的撒布寬度可通過折疊式撒布架調節(jié)，撒布架兩側的翼板可伸縮或折疊，最小撒布寬度通常為 2 米，最大可達 6 米以上，操作人員根據(jù)施工路段寬度（如單車道 3.5 米）調整撒布架寬度，確保水泥撒布范圍與施工路段匹配，避免撒布到路肩外造成浪費。撒布架上的導流板角度可單獨調節(jié)，通過改變導流板角度控制水泥的撒布方向，在靠近路緣石或建筑物的區(qū)域，可將導流板角度調小，減少水泥向外側撒布，確保邊緣區(qū)域用量與中間區(qū)域一致，避免邊緣用量過多或不足。部分撒布車還在撒布架兩側安裝擋板，擋板高度可調節(jié)，防止水泥在風力作用下向外側飄散，尤其在有風天氣施工時，能有效減少水泥損失，保證實際用量與設定值一致。

　　The adjustment of spreading width is an important supplement to controlling the unit area usage, which adapts to different construction scenarios by changing the spreading coverage range. The spreading width of the cement spreading vehicle can be adjusted through a folding spreading frame, and the wing plates on both sides of the spreading frame can be extended or folded. The minimum spreading width is usually 2 meters, and the maximum can be more than 6 meters. The operator adjusts the spreading frame width according to the width of the construction section (such as a single lane of 3.5 meters) to ensure that the cement spreading range matches the construction section and avoid spreading outside the shoulder, causing waste. The angle of the guide plate on the spreading rack can be adjusted separately. By changing the angle of the guide plate, the direction of cement spreading can be controlled. In areas close to curbstones or buildings, the angle of the guide plate can be adjusted smaller to reduce cement spreading outward, ensuring that the amount of edge area is consistent with that of the middle area, and avoiding excessive or insufficient amount of edge area. Some of the spreading vehicles are also equipped with baffles on both sides of the spreading frame. The height of the baffles can be adjusted to prevent cement from drifting outward under the action of wind, especially during construction in windy weather, which can effectively reduce cement loss and ensure that the actual amount is consistent with the set value.

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